Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Industrial Revolution - 2940 Words

The backdrop of the industrial revolution highlights one of the most significant growths in human history. Its development between the 18th and 19th century is often considered one of the leading causes for globalisation (Dunphy, Griffiths Benn, 2003). In spite of this, humanity did not foresee the environmental consequences associated with the volatile expansion of the corporate world. To reinforce this notion, leading Australian change theorists and researchers Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn (2007) suggest that the emergent ecological crisis must be resolved in order to prevent a â€Å"cataclysmic collapse of human civilisation† (friedman, 2009 cited in Benn et al, 2011, p.i). Albeit alarming research, it has not triggered enough awareness†¦show more content†¦However, despite this shift in societal values, the International Panel of Climate Change (ICCP) has indicated that the time to implement sustainable practices is running short. Based on climate change reports , our consumption rates are categorised within the â€Å"A1 Scenario†; this is where there is an emphasis on societal development through economic growth. Consequently, this has lead to a neglect of the environmental front, resulting in issues such as high carbon emissions, rising temperatures and scarcity of non-renewable resources. In order to combat this issue, the IPCC suggests that managers must simultaneously focus on both growth and sustainability, otherwise known as the â€Å"B1 Scenario†. Even though organisations are able to identify the problem of sustainability, the unpredictable nature of this issue causes managers to struggle. It is difficult for managers to find a balance between satisfying organisational goals and meeting the society’s standards of going green. While examining an organisations structure, we often look upon the two main organisational change approaches – organisational development and organisational transformation. Organisational development is often seen as being the more conservative approach, as it develops the organisational structure through an extended period of time. This approach has an emphasis thatShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Of The Industrial Revolution1666 Words   |  7 PagesMartinez English IV, 1st hour 4/29/16 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widenRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Industrial Revolution917 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of the industrial revolution, I usually correlate this transitional period to great advancements in machinery, and an increase in jobs. However, after looking past the surface of the industrial revolution, in regards to the promise of great wealth, this promise was not kept, along with other issues. I believe that a â€Å"better life† would mean that people would not have to go through the same struggles they once did before the revolution, struggles such as not having a job, money, homeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced far more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans of communication, factories to manufacture the products you need, places to work, and ways to travel and transport goods. And what made these possible? The answer is the Industrial Revolution, which started in Europe around the year 1730. A revolution is a major change or turning point in something. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history and in the way people lived. Their careers, living situations, location, values, and daily routines all changed, and they needed it desperatelyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1097 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the advent of the Industrial Revolution, most people resided in small, rural communities where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Most manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines. Did You Know? The word luddite refers to a person who is opposedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1090 Words   |  5 PagesShort Term Misery†¦ Long Term Gain There are two major industrializations that have occurred through out history, both which began in England. The Industrial Revolution was from 1750 until 1800. The first and second industrialization were filled with many inventions, new societal ideas, new raw materials, new sources of power, also new ideas and societal implements were made enabling the world and society to evolve. Overall these industrialization was filled with death, neglect, and disease but endedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution936 Words   |  4 Pageseconomist Robert Emerson Lucas wrote in regards to the Industrial revolution: For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth. The novelty of the discovery that a human society has this potential for generating sustained improvement in the material aspects of the lives of all its members, not just the ruling elite, cannot be overstressed.† (Lucas 2002). The revolution itself was ce ntred in Britain before spreading to theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be â€Å"a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed†(Jones 2013). SecondlyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesend of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrialization began to take place in America, and eventually took over the economy during this period. Entrepreneurs and inventors put together various machines and businesses to help better the country function on aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was one of the largest social and cultural movements that changed the methods of manufacturing of metal and textiles, the transportation system, economic policies and social structure as well. Before the Industrial Revolution, people used to live by season due to agriculture. They thrived on whatever food was in season. Now, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, we live regimented and almost everything that is made, is mass produced. I will discuss three major topics

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Effects Of Fast Fashion On The World - 1547 Words

The Effects of Fast Fashion on the World This papers purpose is to teach fashion heavy consumers on the real price of fast fashion and how buying it affects the environment. This type of audience can be anyone who partakes in the buying of well-known cheap retail stores that have a large audience of being fast and obtainable. These consumers should have the information on how fast fashion effects are environment so it could possibly alter their buying habits to be eco-friendlier but buying either less or more sustainable clothing instead of the cheap alternatives. This audience should care about this purpose because this will affect the world now and for future generations as their environment is being mistreated because of these fast†¦show more content†¦Explaining Fast Fashion How fast fashion is affecting the environment is a very serious topic since this type of consumerism in the United States is heavy on supply and demand, and because of that shoppers want it all and want it now which is basically fast fashions motto. The way to make these pieces of clothing heavily rely on cheap materials that can be made quickly, so that is polyester and cotton being made in big factories that emit out toxins into our earth. Cotton being one of the most used fabrics takes a lot to be made into a single garment. Uzbekistan which is the 6th biggest producer of cotton had faced many conflicts during production since cotton uses so much water to be made it has dried up the 4th largest lake the Aral Sea because of how much we need to produce cotton fashion. (Prospectjournalucsd) Buying these cheap garments that become unwearable after 5 times (Forbes) of wearing it usually gets thrown out after and producing more waste that gets put into our waterways since theses garment s shed easy and through washing them can â€Å"find their way into oceans and on the shores everywhere.† (Sweeny) So with the help of shoppers, being able to cut down on the purchase of fast fashion can help aid in keeping the ecosystem in order. Benefits of Not Buying Fast Fashion A benefit of not buying fast fashion would be becoming more aware of what how shoppers affect the earth and taking that intoShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Sustainability Of The Apparel Industry Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pagesday. In our generation, fast fashion is in. It’s ok to have multiple shirts or shoes of the same color. It’s actually ok to throw away unwanted apparel. Apparel companies are beginning to focus on sustainable fashion, also known as eco fashion. Apparel, fashion, and textiles is the most polluting industry in the world. Every stage, that a garment goes through, uses up and threatens our resources. Review of Literature Sustainability has become a major issue in the fashion industry. The global apparelRead MoreThe Clothing And Fashion Industry774 Words   |  4 PagesConsumers in the Fashion Industry The topic I chose to write about was the clothing and fashion industry. Clothing is something that everyone in modern society needs, and something that a few consumers care very much about. The number one thing clothing is used for, besides covering and protecting our bodies, is to express our personalities, socioeconomic status, and how we feel on a given day. Because the the demographic for people who buy clothes is so large, it has a lot of variation. PeopleRead MoreEthical Fashion Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesProgramme 2010 Unconditional What role,if any,does ethics play in the fashion/design industry? Ethical fashion means fashion which takes into consideration the people behind the clothes we wear,as well as the environment. When you buy some clothes, you may not consider twice about where it was originally made,by whom and under what conditions.These days people like fast fashion. Fast fashion means fashion that is fast. In other word, these clothes adapt to the latest trends quickly. It givesRead MoreThe Impacts of Fast Fashion and Technology on the Fashion Industry1431 Words   |  6 Pages This essay will discuss Fast Fashion and the Impact of Technology. I will focus on the different levels of the market, the effect of fast fashion on fashion design, how copying effects high end designer brands and the impact of technology on the fashion industry. There are three different sectors in the fashion industry. These are Haute Couture, Prà ªt- à  -Porter (Ready to Wear) and High Street (Mass Market.) There is a huge difference between the three sectorsRead MoreInfluence Of Fast Fashion910 Words   |  4 PagesThe popularity of cheap and fashionable clothing has been on the rise since the introduction of fast fashion to major clothing companies. The fast fashion world has made its way to be one of the dominating parts of consumer culture. However, the affordable clothing, as well as the introduction of fast-paced garment work, has affected more than just our wallets. Advancement of new practices and clothing availability have contributed to many new garment factories and businesses for clothing manufacturingRead MoreFast Fashion Vs. Slow ( Luxury ) Fashion1291 Words   |  6 PagesContemporary Design Issues Stage One - Initial Research Essay Fast Fashion vs. Slow (Luxury) Fashion By Alanna Mitchell In 2014, Jean Paul Gaultier retired from his Ready-To-Wear line. In an interview with The Associated Press he said, Too many clothes kills clothes... Fashion has changed.† (1) This change that Gaultier is referring to is known as â€Å"Fast Fashion†. It is a phenomenon within the fashion industry that â€Å"has made its way into Australian consumers’ wardrobes over the past five years†Read MoreHigh Fashion And Streetwear Styles Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesEnrollment English 20 October 2016 High Fashion and Streetwear In modern society there exists an enormous spectrum of fashion, each individual person’s fashion style is heavily influenced by their environment, interests, and many other factors. Among the vast variety of styles present in today’s fashion culture, streetwear and high fashion are two of the most distinctive and prominent styles, having a huge influence on how the general population dresses. High fashion and streetwear are two styles thatRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1521 Words   |  7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalization ofRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1527 Words   |  7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalizationRead MoreThe Negatives Of Fast Fashion747 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many large companies that we see every day, many fashion garments that we buy monthly, weekly or daily, and many people cannot seem to deal with how we manage to get clothing from India, China and Bangladesh and into our day to day lives. While as a society we are too busy focusing on the negatives of fast fashion, we should begin to view both sides of the argument, and start to focus on the simple positives of how we, Australians, get our clothes. Instead of people believing that we are

Friday, December 13, 2019

Sample Literature Review Free Essays

Title: Implicit side of the Olympic Games: The Past, Present and Future of Olympic Marketing. Summary: This dissertation is dedicated to the analysis of Olympic marketing as the implicit side of Olympic movement; evaluation of past, present and future profiles of Olympic marketing. Research literature review There’s a list of research papers dedicated to commercialization of sports in general. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Literature Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time, there’s apparent deficit of studies, dedicated directly to the problem of Olympic marketing, due to the specificity and complexity of the field. Many of them, besides are out-of-date researches. Different aspects of marketing in Olympics appear described in various sources. Though a problem of Olympic marketing is discussed in a list of books and articles, none of them provides ultimate analysis of the phenomenon. It could be explained by the rapid changes in Olympic marketing itself and probable deficit of research data. To exemplify the thesis, one could mention that many studies related to Olympic marketing appear outdated already before they are published. Most of the papers provide, hence, a pure theoretical analysis of the research field. At the same time there is a certain deficit of quantitative researches. There are practically no research books and articles describing the structure of Olympic marketing, its financial revenues and their distribution, peculiarities of Games’ staging, profiles of major sponsors, etc. Monographs and multi-authors books Brenda Pitts and David Stotlar (Pitts et al, 1996) analyze sports marketing in their comprehensive research â€Å"Fundamentals of Sport Marketing†. The study is dedicated to the overall analysis of commerce in sports, its history and modern tendencies. The authors analyze the reasons of sports and marketing’s rapprochement and assess according contributions of business and sports. The researches also define differences of sports marketing from the other forms of promotion in diverse spheres, define the most specific features of sports marketing. The authors focus on several most important aspects of sports marketing, i. e. : development of marketing strategy in sports; clarifying the needs and goals of sports organization and evaluation the ways how a sponsor could contribute it; implementation of comprehensive marketing plans through sponsorship, licensing, ticketing, advertising, etc. The book provides both theoretical and practical data concerning sports marketing. The authors discuss historical aspects of sports marketing, as well as its presence and future, evaluate the general paradigm of sports marketing. Researchers also introduce the fundamentals of marketing inquiry including the basics of segmentation, targeting, and positioning in sport business, etc. Though the book itself is one of the most thorough and all-round analysis of the problem, the paradigm of Olympic marketing is less examined in the research. As a result, a reader could only learn the fundamentals of sports marketing in general, while Olympic marketing has several significant differences. The research of Mulin et al, 2000, is believed to be a groundbreaking text in the field pf sport marketing and management. The primary asset of the book lies in presenting of a new perspective of sports marketing. The authors didn’t just apply the general theory of marketing to sports; instead, they developed a new study of sports marketing based on their own experience. The research focuses on a special nature of sports marketing in a global perspective and the reasons of commercialization in sports environment (1); definition of consumers’ audience and marketing segmentation (2); licensing and pricing strategies of sports marketing (3); specificity of marketing sponsorship (4), etc. The real life examples, besides, make the study extremely valuable to a critical reader. Mulin et al, 2000, focuses on development and management of all-round marketing strategy in sports that includes advertising and promotion, licensing, branding, broadcasting etc. Unfortunately, the study also defines the fundamentals of sports marketing in general, while the paradigm of Olympic marketing remains completely unexamined. Pelsmacker et al, 2001 examines the field of marketing communication. This comprehensive study covers establishment of marketing relationships between companies and corporate sponsors, development of PR and advertising program, provision of effective marketing management. Though the research doesn’t examine the field of sports marketing, the authors provide a fundamental theoretical framework applicable for the further analysis of Olympic marketing. Brad Wise (Wise, 1997) gives an overview of Olympic marketing in his monograph â€Å"Sports marketing: rules of the game and strategies for success†. The author describes the main tendencies of commercialization in sports and analyzes general principles of sports marketing. Though the book is valuable to general apprehension of marketing in sports, its contribution in understanding of Olympic marketing is insufficient. Shank, 1999, defines future perspectives of marketing in sports, summarized in his recent book â€Å"Sports marketing: a strategic perspective†. The author defines positive and negative impacts of marketing relationships in sports and discusses major tendencies of sports and commerce co-existence. Shank, 1999, also focuses on advertising, promotion and sponsorship in a global sports. The primary accent, however, is made rather on commercialization of sports in general, while the marketing profile of Olympic Games remains underexamined. McDonald, 1999 analyzes the recent case studies of sports marketing, also including the most peculiar specimens of Olympic marketing. The author focuses on 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City in the chapter â€Å"Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games – the prevention of ambush marketing†. Though the contribution of the author is sufficient, he didn’t analyze the implicit aspects of Olympic marketing providing, instead, the overview of its most explicit manifestations. Shilbury, 1998 devoted his research to the economic aspects of sports marketing, the Olympic marketing as well lacks its comprehensive analysis. Pemberton, 1997 analyzes fundamentals of sports marketing on his own experience. The study incorporates the aspects of establishment and maintenance of cooperation between sports and sponsoring companies and their reciprocal revenues. Though the author provides easy-to-understand, step-by-step explanation of sports as a multibillion business, he focuses on the American sports events. Olympic marketing remains out of the field of author’s researches as well. There’s also a list of work dedicated directly to the Olympic Movement that uncover the fundamentals of Olympic marketing. R. Mandell, 1976, critically analyzes the first Olympic Games of modernity in his book â€Å"The First Modern Olympics†. The author uncovers marketing aspects of the Games, discusses private and corporate sponsorship, sources of Games’ revenues, philatelic program, etc. This information is necessary to understand the making of modern Olympic marketing in historical perspective. F. Landry (Landry et al, 1996) summarizes the major achievements of the IOC (also including its financial achievements) in her study dedicated to the centenarian anniversary of the Olympic Games. The study serves a comprehensive guide through the marketing history of the IOC, its major decisions and innovations. This research complicates the theoretical premises of sports marketing presented in the previous studies. J. Lucas, 1980, analyzed Olympic Games and related phenomena, also including marketing, in his research â€Å"The Modern Olympic Games†. Though the book contains valuable information concerning the problem, the analysis is much outdated. Nevertheless, suggested data is important for the analysis of Olympic marketing in historical perspective. D. Wallechinsky, 1984 analyzes Olympic marketing in his â€Å"The Complete Book of the Olympics†. The primary drawback of the research is still out-of-date information. H. Preuss, 2000 provides a comprehensive analysis of Olympic Games’ economics. A longitudinal research covering almost thirty years of Olympic history since 1972 to 2000, remains obviously the most reliable and all-round analysis of Olympic marketing. The author analyzes all characteristics pertaining to Olympic marketing, defines peculiarities of marketing in Olympic sphere, suggests comprehensive statistical data. At the same time, development of marketing relationships in pre-1972 era is underexamined in the study. Research articles There’s a number of articles examining the problem of sports marketing in general, and Olympic marketing in particular. Marshall et al, 1992 develops the idea of corporate sponsorship in sports. The author analyzes implicit relationships between the organizers and sponsors, as well as their profits, evaluates the assets of corporate sponsorship in sports. The article, however, doesn’t deal with the Olympic marketing directly, that reduces its value for the present research. Sandler et al, 1989, describes Olympic marketing in his article â€Å"Olympic sponsorship vs. â€Å"ambush marketing†: who gets the gold? †. This comprehensive analysis, however, is also much out-of-dated by now. Stotlar, 1993 develops the idea of marketing relationships in Winter Olympics. The author focuses on the idea of corporate sponsorship of the Games that is important for making overall conclusions regarding the role of marketing in staging and holding the Games. Several articles are dedicated to the particular aspects of Olympic marketing. Busby, 1997, analyzes media sponsorship of the sports. The author focuses in broadcasting policies, rights fees and coverage of the sports events as well as the role of broadcasting in sports’ development. More broad definition of Olympic marketing in the aspect of licensing is provided in the Crabb and Ji article â€Å"The Olympic Movement: the Games and Olympic IPR†. The research suggests all-round information concerning the organizing and staging of the Games, main challenges of host cities, and importance of Intellectual Property to the Olympic Movement. The research of T. Atobelli (Atobelli, 1997) is dedicated to the analysis of Olympic marketing program in Sydney. Though the article was written two years prior to the Games, the author has managed to define the main strategies of Sydney’s marketing policy in the aspect of financing and peculiarities of its implementation. As a result, he introduced the â€Å"nitty-gritty† of Olympic marketing to the readers Batcha, 1998, undertook a critical approach to Olympic marketing. The author developed the idea of multiple malversations in sports marketing. Batcha, 1998, believes, that sponsors have turned to be the real competitors of the Olympic events instead of sportsmen. The author states that growing commercialization of the Games has made a serious influence of equity and impartiality of the Olympic Movement. Greek researcher Papandropoulos (Papandropoulos, 2004), instead, believes in a necessity of Olympic marketing in a global perspective. The author provides necessary statistical data concerning staging of 2004 Games in Athens and also defines most important historical landmarks of Olympic marketing and their influence on Games’ development. The author describes the roots of Olympism and sources of its financial supports changing throughout the times. Papandropoulos, 2004 analyzes Olympic sponsorship as a serious source of Games’ funding. This information is vital for the general analysis of Athens 2004 marketing plan. On-line reports and researches Internet reports and documents also provide important information about Olympic marketing. One of the most comprehensive studies is a commemorative report of the International Olympic Committee dedicated to the history and presence of Olympic movement (The Olympic Movement, 1997). The research grants a reader with all-round evaluation of Olympic marketing, its development and future prospects. The paper also provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Olympic marketing that, unfortunately, is now outdated in many aspects. Some principles of Olympic marketing are also described in the Olympic Charter – the official Constitution of the International Olympic Committee. Much information concerning fundamentals of Olympic marketing is accessible on the official site of the International Olympic Committee. The site provides an excurse into the past of Olympic marketing, mentions key dates of its making as well as most important innovations. Forasmuch as the site is being permanently updated, it grants most recent and reliable information concerning the revenues, distributions and expenditures of Olympic Movement. The site also proposes a number of quantitative data concerning financial revenues of the Committee. Presented charts offer comparative analysis of marketing revenues’ growth. Unfortunately, most information is accessible only in a tabloid form that is enough to apprehend the overall idea of Olympic marketing; at the same time, the data is insufficient for a comprehensive analytical research. The international Olympic Committee issues a bulletin dedicated to Olympic Marketing. â€Å"Marketing matters† bulletin is accessible on the official site of the Olympic Committee and could be regarded as a most complete and reliable source concerning past, present, and future of Olympic marketing. The bulletin, besides, provides the reports of IOC’s Marketing Commission and Organizing Committees of the Games’ functioning. The most recent qualitative-quantitative data covering marketing plans of 2004 Games in Athens and 2008 Games in Beijing is also available in the bulletin. How to cite Sample Literature Review, Essays

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Okonkwo Things Fall Apart free essay sample

The way in which they raise us depicts who we are going to be. When Okonkwo was growing up, his father impacted his fear of being thought of as weak. He had to prove to his community that he wasn’t like his father. In the powerful story of, Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe he tells a story of an Ibo farmer (Okonkwo) who lives in Nigeria. Instead of controlling his fear, he allows it to take over him and force his actions on people. Although he is known for his fearlessness, he experiences this internal worry about himself and the fear of failure and weakness. In Umofia, the father is known to provide for the family, since his father was incapable of affording anything he grew up with a weakness that he couldn’t overthrow. Okonkwo did not have the start in life which many other men had so he struggled. We will write a custom essay sample on Okonkwo Things Fall Apart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Unoka (Okonkwos father) was an ill-fated man. He had a bad chi or personal god, and evil fortune followed his to the grave, or rather his death, for he had no grave†(18). Okonkwo didn’t inherit a barn, title or wife. As a child he grew up with a father who showed him what a man shouldn’t be. He grows up being very ashamed of his father and spends his entire life trying not to be life him. Unoka spent his life barrowing from people and never repaying them. â€Å"In his day he was lazy and improvident and was quite incapable of thinking about tomarrow†¦ Unoka the grown-up was a failure†(45). He had an enormous effect on Okonkwo. Unoka’s weaknesses gave him the drive to become a well-respected man of the village. When Okonkwo was still young he won several wrestling matches and became known as the greatest wrestler in all the villages. He became a wealthy farmer with two barns full of yams and just married his third wife. Because of his father’s life, he was forced to make his life successful all by himself. Okonkwo cares about his village and what the people of Umofia think of him. Since he is very high ranked in his village and is known for his strength, he believes that violence is the only way to get respect. â€Å"’He (okonkwo) was not afraid of war. He was a man of action, a man of war. Unlike his father, he could not stand the look a blood. In Umofia’s latest war he was the first to bring home a human head†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(2) Okonkwo was very well-known and important in his village. He had no fear of violence. Fearlessness in war is a highly respected quality in Umofia. When Ikemefuna was brought into Okonkwo’s family, Okonkwo was very fond of him, but that wouldn’t stop him from beating him. â€Å"’When Okonkwo heard that he (Ikemefuna) would not eat any food he came into the hut with a big stick in his hand and stood over him as he swallowed the yams, trembling. A few moments later he went being the hut and began to vomit painfully. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(45) Okonkwo is the ruler of his household based on fear. Not only does he scare Ikemufuna into eating, but his wives are scared of being beaten. He always needs to make sure that his family knows who is in charge because he does not want to be compared to his father. Okonkwo worries about becoming like his father-lazy, feminine and unable to support his family. This worry results to a dictatorship torwards his family. He shows no emotion because he considers it to be soft and not masculine. â€Å"’Okonkwo was especially fond of Ezinma. She looked very much like her mother who was the village beauty, but his fondness only showed on occasions. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ezinma is Okonkwo’s oldest daughter and favorite child. He wishes that she was a boy and believes that shows how much he loves her. He is also very fond of Ikemefuna because he helped Nwoye develop into a son Okonkwo always wanted. More than anything Okonkwo tries to follow the laws of the village. Ogbueifi Ezeudu tells him that the Oracle has announced that Ikemefuna must be killed. â€Å"’ He heard Ikemefuna cry, â€Å"My father they have killed me! † as he ran towards him. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought of as weak. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢( 105 ) Whenever Okonkwo was faced with a choice between maintaining his strength, and showing emotion, he chooses his honor and reputation over his family. Unlike his father who broke every rule there was. Overall fear from Okonkwo’s childhood has lead him to behave in negative ways that bring him anger to the gods; being exiled from Umofia, guilt; killing Ikemefuna and the fear of the disapproval. From when Okonkwo was young to now he promised himself he would never let his family starve like his father let him. His father had a big impact on how he grew up, because he had to learn to support a family.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Ergonomics Organizational Ergonomics Essay Example

Ergonomics Organizational Ergonomics Essay QUESTION 4. DICUSS ERGONOMICS. HOW IS ERGONOMICS RELATED TO QUALITY? Ergonomics is also known as human factors engineering. It is the study concerned with the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theoretical principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well being and overall system performance. Ergonomics is the study of work in relation to the environment in which it is performed (the workplace) and those who perform it (workers). It is used to determine how the workplace can be designed or adapted to the worker in order to prevent a variety of health problems and to increase efficiency as well as quality of products and services. The study helps in understanding how work is done and how to work better towards quality improvement. Domains of Specialization Ergonomics denotes the science of work; it is a systems-oriented discipline, which now applies to all aspects of human activity. Ergonomists must have a broad understanding of the full scope of the discipline, taking into account the physical, cognitive, social, organizational, environmental and other relevant factors since domains of specialization represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction:- †¢Physical Ergonomics Physical ergonomics is concerned with human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity. The relevant topics include working postures, materials handling, repetitive movements, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, workplace layout, safety and health. †¢Cognitive Ergonomics Cognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. We will write a custom essay sample on Ergonomics Organizational Ergonomics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ergonomics Organizational Ergonomics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ergonomics Organizational Ergonomics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The relevant topics include mental workload, decision-making, skilled performance, human-computer interaction, human reliability, work stress and training as these may relate to human-system design. †¢Organizational Ergonomics Organizational ergonomics is concerned with the optimization of sociotechnical systems, including their organizational structures, policies, and processes so as to id in quality improvement in every aspect of the organization. The relevant topics include communication amongst workers departments, crew resource management, work design, design of working times, teamwork, participatory design, community ergonomics, cooperative work, new work paradigms, organizational culture, virtual organizations, tele-work, and quality management.?

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Edecel Applied Business Unit 11 Finance Task B Essay Example

Edecel Applied Business Unit 11 Finance Task B Essay Example Edecel Applied Business Unit 11 Finance Task B Essay Edecel Applied Business Unit 11 Finance Task B Essay Working Capital is the money used by the business to fund revenue expenditure; this is the day to day expenses. Day to day funds are needed in order to fund a business. The working capital would be used to buy resources such as raw materials, fuel, wages and fees etc. Working capital can also operating liquidity that is available to them. Working capital has two components which are; things owed (current liabilities) and things owned (current assets). They are used when calculating the working capital: WK = CA CL. If companys assets are less then their liabilities then this results in a bad working capital because they will not have enough cash in the business to pay current liabilities; and therefore will owe more then they own. This is why working capital is very important in order to run an efficient business. A business will have many current liabilities that they owe banks, people and other businesses. These can include things such as, bank overdrafts and bank loans which businesses would of borrowed from, these are common methods of borrowing money as it can be fairly easy for businesses to get loans and overdrafts. Credit Card debts are also common in businesses. A businesses liabilitys also includes accruals and these are something that businesses will owe and these are all the extra things such as electricity bills. Hire purchase, dividends proposed and trade credit will also fall within a businesses current liabilities. Businesses current assets are thing that they have or own. These can be general things such as stock, unfinished goods and raw materials for stock. These can be the hardest assets to turn into actual cash. The businesses money in the bank and investments are also current assets as well as any debtors the company has and prepayments which are deposits. Working Capital Management the Problems When looking at working capital is important to analyse where cash is used in the day to day running of Thomas Cook; this can be known as a liquidity cycle. The start of Thomas Cooks cycle would begin with them securing the hotel room and flights needed for their future customers, these would be on credit. They then sell these to the customers and take deposits/receivables. Thomas Cook need to ensure they get the correct balance between the hotels and flights they book and the correct amount of customers. This may be a big problem for their working capital if demands drops, and this will be likely in the current recession. To have a good liquidity Thomas Cook needs to ensure deposits quickly, because the longer it takes them to sell their holidays the more liquidity problems it will create. The next step is for Thomas Cook to pay the suppliers; Thomas Cook will use the customer deposits to pay them however this will not cover the whole of the costs. Therefore Thomas Cook need an injection of cash and this is likely to be an overdraft. By having an overdraft will ease the flow of cash around the business and help liquidity. However banks may not want to give businesses an overdraft or loan if they are worried the company will not pay it back. This is more common recently with the recession as banks are becoming more careful with their money. By resorting to an overdraft does have its advantages, but overall in the long run it will increase costs for Thomas Cook as they will have to pay back extra interest fees. This can therefore reduce the profit for Thomas Cook which they will not want. Banks may also think that the business is not doing well if it needs a loan and this could be a risk for the bank. If Thomas Cook cannot receive any injection of money then they will struggle to pay back suppliers on time and this can result in bad relationships and they may withdraw their trade credit or decrease the credit period. This will have a negative effect on the working capital. The final part for Thomas Cook is to collect the rest of the customers payments so Thomas can pay back the bank their overdraft and likely to make a profit, however it can still create problems for Thomas Cook. Customers may cancel their holidays as it would have been several months since they booked it so many people change their mind. This means that Thomas Cook will only have deposits to pay back banks etc. They will have to sell extra rooms and flights last minute and cheap and they could lose money. One solution to this would be to increase the deposit price therefore customers would feel like they are losing more money and they would be unlikely to cancel. It also means there is a safer barrier for Thomas Cook and they would have more money which will help ease they liquidity. We have suggested that over booking hotel rooms and flights is bad for Thomas Cook as they may not be able to gain enough customers but what about the opposite? Thomas Cook may have customers waiting and not have any rooms or flights available, this would be a missed opportunities for Thomas Cook. This is why it is extremely important for them to get the balance between securing the hotels and flights, and the amount of customers. Ratios Current Acid Test Ratio Ratios can be used to help asses the working capital position of Thomas Cook and look at the management to Thomas Cook. The first ratio will let us directly measure liquidity and this is the current ratio. It will show us how much current assets there are to a Euro of debt. Formula for current ratio: Current assets / current liability = current ratio Looking at the balance sheets of Thomas Cook we can work out the current ratio for 2009 and 2008. 2009: 2008: 2303.2 / 3737.9 = 0.6:1 1386.2 / 2077.8 = 0.7:1 Another ratio that can use is the Acid test ratio this is the same as the current ratio however it takes away the stock as stock is not easily converted to cash. Formula for Acid Test ratio: (Current Assets Stock) / Current liabilities = Acid Test Ratio Looking at the balance sheets of Thomas Cook we can work out the acid test ratio for 2009 and 2008. 2009: 2008: 2303.2 274 / 3737.9 = 0.6:1 1386.2 105 / 2077.8 = 0.7:1 By looking at the current ratio we can see that for every euro of debt/current liabilities it has 60cent of current assets which are stock, cash and debtors. This doesnt appear a situation for Thomas Cook as they cant afford to clear its short term debts with its current assets. For example if their overdraft was reduced and their trade credit stopped Thomas Cook would not be in a liquid position. The suggested standard acceptable ratio is 1:1 which means business have equal assets to liabilities so they can easily pay back short term debts. A 1:1 ratio means the assets and liabilities are equal and surely it would be better to have a 2:1, however for firms such as Thomas Cook it is easy for them to raise finance and thats why it is acceptable. Another factor we can look at is the time period; these figures were taken from a balance sheet in October and there wouldnt have been a lot of current assets coming into the business as October is not their peak month. We have to keep in mind that Thomas Cook are a seasonal business and therefore figures will be very different during periods of the year. In October it would be likely that Thomas Cook are spending money to securing next years holidays and they could also be borrowing money to do this. By taking this into consideration we can judge that the ratio may be acceptable and these figures are likely to be industry wide. We can also compare 2009 to 2008; the position from 2008 has gone down in 2009 and therefore it is a negative trend. This can be seen as bad for the businesses liquidity however by looking at other aspects of the balance sheet this could change the view. Trade and other payables is a lot higher in 2009 and this could indicate they are securing more holidays for the coming year. This looks like a good sign as they will be likely to secure more customers and therefore receive more profit. On the other hand we can look at it as it has created extra liability for Thomas Cook and we have to ask what if Thomas Cook cannot secure the extra customers; this would mean they would lose money. The Acid test ratio has received the same results as the current ratio, this is because Thomas cook are not a production business and therefore do not have many stock as they offer more of a service. Only a tiny portion of their current assets are stock and therefore it will not have much effect on the acid test ratio. The suggested accepted ratio is 0.75:1 for this ratio as it takes the stock into consideration. We can see that Thomas Cook is very close to this ratio and therefore there are virtually no liquidity problems. However by looking at the 2008 ratio we notice the downward trend and this would be a bad trend to continue. Nevertheless we have identified the reasons for it and as a result we can understand the trend. Debtor Collection The debtor collection ratio looks at the management of debts and how well Thomas Cook covers their debts. Thomas Cook mainly receives debts from their customers as they offer holidays on trade credit. Thomas Cook has a policy where their customer has to pay six weeks prior to their departure. This settles any outstanding money that customer owe Thomas Cook. Problems can arise for example if a customer pay late it will be Thomas Cooks duty to chase they money back. If not Thomas Cook may decide to sell they holiday to someone else however this may be costly for them. To work out how many days it takes Thomas Cook to receive back their debts we use the debtor collect ratio and the formula is shown below: Debtors / turnover x 365 = no. of days 2009: 2008: 1240.1 / 9439 X 365 = 48days 600.6 / 7780 X 365 = 28days This shows a negative trend and Thomas Cook has to wait an extra 20days for them to receive their monies in 2009. It is good if Thomas Cook receives money as soon as possible as this can enable them to have cash ready in order to buy more holidays for future customers. On the other hand in 2008, we can see that they are receiving there money well before the six week period; this is good because they can receive cash sooner and therefore have more available for longer. However comparing this too 2009 we can see that it takes just over 6weeks for them to receive their debts back. Although the time period is only just over 6weeks this should not become a constant trend otherwise Thomas Cook will not have cash ready in time. Credit Payment Days The credit payment days looks at how long it takes Thomas Cook to pay back their creditors and this is any money that they owe. This is usually to the hoteliers and for the rooms and flights they have booked in advance. To work out how many days it takes Thomas Cook to pay their creditors we use the credit payment days ratio and the formula is show below: Trade creditors / turnover X 365 = no. of days 2009: 2008: 2046.1 / 9439 X 365 = 80days 1208.7 / 7780 X 365 = 57days These answers also shows us a deteriorated trend between 2008 and 2009, as in 2009 it takes Thomas cook 23 more days to pay back their debts. We can assume that Thomas Cook creditors gives a payment time period of 60days and in 2008 they have made this payment but in 2009 they have gone 20days over. By taking longer to pay back debts can be risky as the hoteliers may reduce their credit period as they may feel like Thomas Cook has taken liberties. They could also choose to take away their credit completely or even stop trading with them and trade with a competitor instead. This is unlikely to happen as Thomas Cook are a large company so they are a valued customer, but if the trend becomes regular then their creditors might decide otherwise. Although Thomas Cook are not paying on time this can work as an advantage for them. The sooner that customers pay Thomas Cook and the later Thomas Cook pays their creditors means that they will have ready cash for a longer period of time. If Thomas Cook can get away with a longer time period to pay back their creditors then it will ease their working capital as they will have more cash in hand for longer to put to use. Evaluation I am going to make a judgement on the working capital of Thomas Cook by looking at all the analysis. The current and acid test ratio demonstrates how liquid Thomas Cook is and how able it is to pay its short-term debts. The ratio revealed that there is declining trend in the figures between 2008 and 2009. It also showed that Thomas Cook do not have equal debts to assets which may mean future problems for Thomas Cook. The Debtors days ratio demonstrates how well Thomas cook gains back their debts in days. This also shows a negative trend as it took them longer in 2009 to receive back there monies. The Creditors day shows how well Thomas Cook pay their creditors and this ratio shows that Thomas Cook were taking longer to pay their creditors in 2009. The main negative trend that the majority of the ratios shows may raise concern for Thomas Cook especially when paying back short term debts as this should be easy for big companies to do. Also the fact that it takes Thomas Cook 80days to pay their creditors may be worrying; do they not have enough cash to pay them, or are the securing the financial inflows and therefore playing it safe? When analysing the financial position of Thomas Cook we always need to take into consideration what time of year the balance sheets are from. This can make a large change to the figures and outcomes of analysis especially because Thomas Cook is a seasonal business. During October Thomas Cook will be out of their peak stage therefore there balance sheets are likely to show some negatives. We can conclude that during this stage Thomas Cook may be waiting to book holidays for next year therefore they are saving up the cash in order to purchase them in the next few months. If we look at the balance sheet s during June or July we would see a big difference as ratios would look better as there would be a greater income into the business. The management of working capital of Thomas Cook is satisfactory from looking at the balance sheets; the business is not booming, however this is due to the seasonal nature of the business. By taking this into account we can believe Thomas Cook has no major financial problems which will affect the business. I feel however they can make improvements in resolving there negative trends shown by the debtors days ratio. They could do this by managing the inflows coming in and also working out a more agreeable period of payback to their creditors. Overall I think that Thomas Cook management of working capital is fairly good with consideration to the time period.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Are Parts of the U.S.A. Patriot Act Unconstitutional Research Paper

Are Parts of the U.S.A. Patriot Act Unconstitutional - Research Paper Example A Patriot Act is not unconstitutional because†¦ 1. The Patriot Act enhances effective communication between various agencies that fight against terrorism 2. It liberalized many rules with respect to investigation and surveillance to help Federal agencies responsible for crime prevention. 3. It provides increased funding for victims of terrorist attacks and their families, as well as for the rebuilding of business and infrastructure that are damaged by terrorism 4. It helps investigating agencies to deal with the technologically sophisticated terrorists. 5. It cut off support networks that provide enough support to terrorist groups The major criticism labeled against the Patriot Act is the threat raised by it to the fundamental rights and liberties of people. In the name of safety and security, investigating agencies can interrogate and imprison anybody based on suspicion. It is not necessary that the information gathered by the investigating agencies is always correct. False inf ormation lead investigating agencies to arrest even innocent people in the name of Patriot act. It is impossible for Americans to keep their privacy intact after the introduction of this act. In short, patriot act prevents people from enjoying their natural rights, freedom and liberties. The second disadvantage of patriot act is the fact that it allows indefinite imprisonment of anybody based on mere suspicion without access to counsel or meaningful recourse to the Federal courts. Before the introduction of Patriot act, it was mandatory to the investigating agencies to present a person in custody in courts within a specified time period. Now it is possible for the investigating agencies to keep a suspected person in custody as long as they wish without presenting him in the courts. Even innocent people forced to suffer the torture of investigating officials because of these controversial clauses in patriot act. â€Å"The Patriot Act provides sweeping power to government agencies to monitor the personal habits of not only those who have been identified as suspected terrorists, but anyone residing in the United States as well as United States citizens residing abroad†i. The third disadvantage of patriot act is the permission given to Federal agents to conduct searches without search warrants. Earlier, search warrants were mandatory before conducting any searches in houses or apartments. Now it is not necessary for the investigating officials to get the permission from courts to conduct searches in any locations. It should be noted that even during midnights, investigating agents creating troubles to innocent people. In short, investigating officials can misuse the authority given to them by patriot act to conduct searches without taking permission either from the courts or from the suspected person. The patriot permits FBI to monitor even religious services, internet chat rooms, political demonstrations, and other public meeting

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

What use is the Westminster model of British Government Essay

What use is the Westminster model of British Government - Essay Example A number of alternative models suggest that the future relations modelled is shared a path with Norway. Previously Norway was a non EU member like many states. On the contrary, the â€Å"Norwegian model† has been faced by increased interest from those in Britain wishing to a separate partnership with Brussels whereas at the same time insisting on benefitting from inner markets (Mcannulla, 2006, pg.17). Last autumn, British parliamentarian’s visited Norway to learn on Norwegian EU experience. Issues arose on whether Norwegian style was the viable political option for Britain. Initially, British influenced Norway’s integration in the EU. Both Macmillan and Wilson governments opted for British membership for common markets in the 1960s, and expected Norway’s also to follow suit. Furthermore, as a result of the popular rejection in Norway’s 1972 referendum, the two countries parted ways (Baker & Seawright, 1998, 14). In 2013, Britain and Norway have exceeded forty years on opposite sides on regard to EU membership. In Britain, request for deeper relation with European integration are met with contentions. Domestic debate concerning the current EU relations have shown capacity to initiate tension within and between parties and prone to destruction of any governing coalition. Hindrance exists on partnership between Norway and Britain on EU context (Hay, 2007, pg.10). Arguments for and against devolution was a major issue during the 1997 election campaign devolved power has been an issue with British politics. John Prescott claims that he wants to devolve more power to the geographical area within England. Scotland and Northern Ireland possess their own different cultures not similar with United Kingdom (Beloff, 1996, pg.13). Therefore, to expect residents of these regions to concur with laws, decisions and rules made in London are seen as wrong and irrational. Power should be dispersed from London to other regions. Government in

Monday, November 18, 2019

Learning from the Case of Joe Salatino Research Paper

Learning from the Case of Joe Salatino - Research Paper Example The customer attributes the salesperson’s hometown news fluency to internal factors, specifically to their similarity, competence, and caring, factors under the salesperson’s control, and not to external factors like just trying to make a random sale to a random target. Salatino could also explain how critical behaviors and expressions of rapport with the customer are during the fast and furious blue-light special sales. Saving money is certainly part of the equation, the most visible customer factor in the sales. But even in those fast and furious moments, when the customer is thrown off-balance by the pace of the special circumstance sale, the customer is caught off-guard, induced into a kind of trance state by the intensity of the moment, and more vulnerable to suggestion, if the salesperson makes use of that appropriately. In such a state, the customer makes the attribution that the salesperson is their guide, friend, and mentor, is highly competent and is making a massive effort on their behalf. The customer believes the salesperson is keeping in mind their needs, and watching their back. This is an internal attribution. An external attribution would be for the customer to draw a conclusion that they were just lucky to have good timing, by answering the phone in time for a special. But, with external attribution, the customer will not feel any reciprocal connection with the salesperson or the company, in the way they would if they attribute the circumstances of the sale to the salesperson’s competence and effort. The whirling blue light motivates the salesperson’s most intense and concentrated efforts to catch the customer’s attention, and lead them to perceive that there is a shopping emergency, that time is of the essence. But it is the attitude and behavior of the salesperson that leads to additional purchases and customer loyalty. Salatino could explain that internal attributions, when applied to a situation that has gone wrong, can solicit more punitive behavior, as a reaction (Slocum, 2009, p.84). Therefore, when circumstances turn negative, within the perception of the customer (for example, they were unable to successfully complete their preferred selection during a blue-light special, due to a credit card malfunction, or the phone connection was dropped), if the customer blames the salesperson and the company, a potential loyal customer may be eternally lost. However, if the customer has strong rapport with the salesperson, and positive antecedents (information, beliefs, motivation), an external attribution is more likely to be made, and the situation is more easily managed by the salesperson and the company, in a way that fosters customer loyalty. The customer will be more likely to notice that the company and salesperson have consistent supportive behavior, that these circumstances are distinct, and that their experience falls within the range of normal, given the circumstances. Since cus tomer loyalty translates into more money, it is a good idea to educate all salespeople about how these factors shape customer perception, and how these perceptions have monetary outcomes. Each salesperson who participates in the workshop should be assigned to shadow a top salesperson for 2 hours, so that they can see these concepts in application. Although salespeople are highly competitive, the result could mean increased sales

Friday, November 15, 2019

How Advertisements Have Changed

How Advertisements Have Changed Over the years, advertisements have been a vital factor in the promotion of products and services. It is a pervasive phenomenon that generates income through marketing and at the same time, strengthens the business of selling and trade. On another basis, advertising lays the foundation of persuasion and influence as the subconscious grounds for the so-called purchasing power of its targeted consumers. With this notion promulgates the concept wherein media plays a fundamental role in relaying and disseminating these messages of sale and trade to a large volume of people. Indeed, advertising is not merely on the propagation of profits but as well as an artful presentation of merchandise, requiring the creativity and deep comprehension on the part of the advertising media. More than these, advertising has become an important channel to showcase and provide the basic needs, wants and desires in the day-to-day lives of the human entity. It has endowed comfort in acquisition either with the use of print, radio and television; even offering an opportunity to choose among the many variations and options of goods that will suit the buyers preferences. There lies the use of communication through advertising that also portrayed a role affecting the economic state of a certain nation. However, in the decades of time undermines the different issues faced by advertising despite its effectiveness in sales and income generation, and even in bridging the gap between the person that has something to sell and the person that will gain the advantage upon purchase-for it has illustrated various societal issues, especially concerning women. Women have become subjects of negative conceptions in the presentation of this creative and persuasive venture that indeed requires profound analysis to further understand its meaning. Thus, women have continuously been undervalued perhaps severed by wrong images delivered by media itself. The Axe Product Print Ads The Axe brand of products has always been participative when it comes to issues concerning women-as the subject of its so-called Axe Effect since its target market is men. The cologne brand is blatant in showcasing various images of women that usually falls under censorship-for obscene body exposure, wherein men using Axe can instantly call the attention of women by its long-lasting, powerful and triggering fragrance-considered as the products selling proposition depicting that if men use Axe, they will always get what they want when in comes to women, and even sex. As to this notion lies the portrayal of sexy, flirty or perverted ladies that may be seen in sensual and erotic scenes, more felt in television commercials. But, this kind of aura Axe represents is also manifested in other advertising forms, even in print ads as shown in this figure-an almost naked individual tempting men to cleanse her, where in fact the said body wash is really intended for men use. Her voluptuous and perfectly curved body seemed to be an appetizer in every mans table, ready to be taken inside the bathroom as to where the product should be used, by what the background says and what the image tells it. Her hands are even positioned as if she is very much ready to take it off, for a more enticing shot and by just looking at it, one can draw lustful assumptions. The dirt covering her body can even penetrate another view, wherein women can be concluded as to either unclean or usually involved in filthy activities most especially when it deals with men. Furthermore, the tagline Get Dirty seemed to have supported this observation. It is also of personal interrogation as to what is really the significance of placing more emphasis on this ladys dirty body rather than the shower gel product-for it seemed like the body is being advertised not the brand. On another perspective, it is said that Axe also has a turning nice girls naughty factor as again brought upon by its advertisements  [1]  which is clearly seen in this picture. The said Axe Effect is being highlighted in this portrait of a nun, with a clip on her nose as if indicating a threat-a way of awareness to be cautious of what this cologne can do that might even go below the belt-and worst leading her to sin. The sad face shows remorse and regret from the opportunities she might enjoy if it happens that she is privileged to smell Axe. Perhaps there is an indication that she wants to at least take the clip off and experience humanly satisfactions that are clearly against her chosen devotion and vocation. This indeed has the greatest impact of Axes ideology in making women turn into something unusual, by having the religious image as its model for she is known of the highest form of nobility and goodness. Certainly, it is degrading on their part since they are usually perc eived as holy and almost imperfect as implied by their religiosity and thus stereotyping is implicated. Moreover, the picture used by Axe commercial opens another impression that women are more capable of sinning, regardless of what culture she belongs and what her role is in the society she lives. Culturally undertaken, men have more acceptable tendencies if in part they have committed sin whilst the women face more societal rage on her imperfections. Womens Advertising Images through the Decades: 1960s If one is to take a closer look in the first print ad, images of how the instant party doll is being used suggests that women are also seen as toys that can be brought anywhere, anytime. If this is an inflatable toy for party occasions, does it only have to be a female with a 40-20-40 statistics? Does that mean that only the men are allowed to be present in parties, and if not, why only make a female doll to be used as an object of fun? Mistakenly, the picture can be seen as a real lady exposing her perfectly-shaped body, seemingly creating a magical tone as she is being held by a magician. The second picture is likely seen as the scenario in the Biblical story of the first indulgence of man-with Adam, Eve and the advertised ham as the apple. The inscriptions held by the devil character, To build a man trap: fill picnic basket with Underwood Deviled Ham sandwiches manifests that women are the perpetrators of sin and the source of evil temptations which draws men to their sinful natur e. Lastly, the third print advertisement connotes double meaning that is apparent in the inscriptions of big and the first taste will tell you why, wherein there lies to be a hidden agenda on the expression of the female representative towards a man who unrealistically carries a huge bottle of whiskey. Womens Advertising Images through the Decades: 1970s These stills describe change in the images of women through the years and somehow elicit proof in the context of how women are viewed from demure and simplicity to liberalism and sophistication. The first picture suggests that change as taken from the perfumes copy Things dont happen the way they used to. But they still happen. It is somehow supported by the picture making the act of kissing a usual activity that can be done anywhere or anytime, most especially if this particular scent is being used letting women fall helplessly unto the hands of men. The second image educes class and style that can be seen by the womens status quo; but at the same time also manifests dependence on vices like smoking, alcohol as indicated by the statement I know the honeymoon was over when he stopped ordering me Chivas Regal. and even men. In line also with the cigarette commercial, the third print advertisement signifies men and cigarettes as again the object of desire among women. What is alarming is the No woman ever says no to Winchester. which either points to the product or the men in general; where the women in different races are of no exception and also allowing polygamy as natural activity. Womens Advertising Images through the Decades: 1980s The advent of color made the advertising medium a more creative and effective means of persuasion. Unlike the other years, the 1980s welcomed a more improved look on print advertisements when in comes to picture and physical quality. However, underlying messages concerning women continue to rise as with the years to follow. The first image again showcased skin and body that can now have an effect on both the male and female consumers. The same goes with the third picture, that even if there is a more emphasis on the acceptance of having cigarette smoking as a feminine activity, the concept of being slim and sexy both conveys to the female market. Thus the idea of being thin and skinny-both portrayed by the tanning and cigar brands-somehow inculcates a definition of perfection that permit the female viewers to imitate what they see. Meanwhile, the second still reflects discrimination; however no gender biases can be justified since the product is directed towards women. Initially, the primary concern points to the dignity of the worker, painstakingly shoveling the raw material in order to make the final product, and the efforts seemed to be underrated and degraded by her own kind as three legs insensitively stood over her. Racial and color preconceived notions are also taken emphasis. Findings and Conclusions Although television is considered as the most effective medium in advertising, this study values the role of print medium as a primary source in conveying different messages that of which the general public is concern. However, despite televisions efficiency, the main grounds of womens issues do not merely lie on the medium use alone, but of how women are being portrayed and presented. Among these images of women in different time capsules, it is generally concluded that they have become subjects of sexual desires and seductions, although it is not yet fully apparent in the early days, because at some point, women are viewed to be an artificial matter compared to the naturalness of men  [2]  , as more portrayed in the fashion scene. This is an obvious indication among presented Axe print advertisements that despite it is directed towards men, there seems to be an unnatural association of women as further seen in the early days of print advertisements although it is not obviously implemented. There seemed to be an urge for domination over men but it is somewhat hidden under a visual portrayal of men as having a more pleasurable gain-as if they are the constant desire in every womans dream. Aside from this, women have continually been affected by their own representation in the media when it comes to weight and health issues. It is mostly indicated that images of being thin and sexy have constantly influenced and replicated the post-modern age of women making them vulnerable victims of bulimia and anorexia  [3]  , as most studies have resulted. On another light, the historical factors have contributed on the issue of discrimination that either involves different groups and sectors of women. Overall, womens image have been regarded as an important and powerful attribute  [4]  to the advertising world as to why it continues to suffer in the real world and living, as an effect in the medias representation of them.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

From Welfare To Workfare Essay -- Canada Work Welfare Jobs Essays

From Welfare to Workfare   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There's an old joke that goes something like... Where do you hide a welfare recipient's cheque, where he'll never find it? Under his work boots. When Mike Harris was campaigning for the Progressive conservative party in 1994 he promised a "common sense revolution". This mixed with the huge unpopularity of Bob Ray's policies, made him a favourite for the upcoming election. With this new "common sense revolution", came Ontario Works, or workfare. (a program designed to help recipients find their cheques) The workfare topic was a huge issue to voters, and will effect not only the thousands of Ontario welfare recipients but every Ontarioan in one way or another. When the election was close, Mike Harris often called workfare his "hand up" on the other candidates, (Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Nov. 17, 1995, 846), arguing that the current welfare system is just "hand outs".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The decision on behalf of the conservative party to introduce Ontario Works in Ontario is an interesting one, with respect to traditional, and modern day Conservative party beliefs. This issue will be discussed in depth further into the essay, but much research and (case) study went into the prospects of workfare by the Tories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To better understand workfare, one must understand the basics and reasoning of welfare. John Romanyshyn wrote "Free men living in a community of free and equal men is the democratic ideal", (Armitage, 59) which describes the ideals of welfare. Welfare is a liberal and/or democratic program and policy and is intended to allow equal opportunities of success to all. Other welfare goals include giving temporary assistance for people who are living below the poverty line and are basically implemented by using the insurance principle: pay premiums when you're able in order to reap benefits when you are unable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These are principles consistent with the liberal democracy point of view. Nowhere does welfare help the community or society. (Conservative beliefs) Welfare should help people in their time of need until they get back on their feet. This was becoming less and less the case in the late eighties and early nineties, when welfare abuse became such a major issue. According to the Progressive Conservatives, this gave way to workfare. "UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF WORKFARE"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As ea... ...wers and more will soon be answered after the results are in from the first wave of welfare reform in Ontario. WORKS CITED Armitage, Andrew. (1988). Social Welfare in Canada. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc. Canadian Council on Social Development. (1975). Social Services in Canada: An   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction. Ottawa. The Canadian Council on Social Development press. Crane, John. (1994). Directions for Social Welfare in Canada. D.W. Frieson & Sons. Hansard. Ontario Legislative Assembly of Ontario. (1995-1996). Office of the hansard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (various dates specified in essay) C. McCormack (personal communication, Nov. 7, 1996) ...Workfare Watch News ("CCPA Monitor," July/August 1996) ...Backgrounder ("Community of Social Services home page", "http://www.gov.on.ca",   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1996) Henderson, Gord (Apr. 9, 1996) Give Tories' workfare plan a chance in Ontario. Windsor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Star. ...Ontario Works makes ("Community of Social Services home page", "http://www. gov. on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ca", 1996) Workfare Watch ("bulletin posted on Internet", "www. worldchat. com/ public/ tab/ wrkfrw/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  bul1.htm") (various dates specified in essay)